Which process involves informal discussions by parties to reach a resolution without attorneys?

Negotiation is the process that involves informal discussions between parties aiming to reach a resolution without the involvement of attorneys. In negotiation, the parties communicate directly, discussing their differences and attempting to devise a compromise or agreement that satisfies both sides. This method emphasizes collaboration and open dialogue, allowing the parties to explore various solutions and work towards a mutually beneficial outcome.

In contrast, mediation involves a neutral third party who facilitates discussions between the disputing parties, while litigation refers to taking a dispute to court, where a judge resolves the matter, and arbitration involves a third party making a binding decision after hearing arguments from both sides. Both mediation and arbitration typically require more formal procedures than simple negotiation, which is characterized by its direct and less structured approach to conflict resolution.