Which amendment guarantees freedom of speech?

The 1st Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees freedom of speech, among other rights. This amendment is a foundational element of American democracy, enshrining individual liberties and protecting citizens' rights to express themselves without government interference. The specific language of the 1st Amendment states, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances."

This constitutional protection has been interpreted and upheld by the courts over generations, making it a pivotal element in discussions surrounding civil rights, public discourse, and political expression. It establishes a critical framework for ongoing debates about the extent and limitations of speech in practice.

In contrast, the other amendments listed do not pertain directly to freedom of speech. The 2nd Amendment focuses on the right to bear arms, the 4th Amendment addresses protection against unreasonable searches and seizures, and the 14th Amendment deals with citizenship rights and equal protection under the law. Each amendment serves different purposes, but the protection of free speech is specifically enshrined in the 1st Amendment.